Why Novacite® or Novakup® ? Barrier Properties Platy and Hard Overlapping Platelets - parallel to the substrate surface, “somewhat like shingles on a roof” Higher Loading Oil Absorption – 17% Particle Shape Ultra High Solids Lower VOCs Oil Absorption Particle Shape Easy Wet-Out No Porosity Low oil absorption Reduced surface area Superior Rheology Low oil absorption No sub-1µ particles (stops a 1µ) Plates rubbing rather than jagged particles

Features Lamellar or Platy Shape Wettable No porosity Lowest oil absorption 17% Refractive index is typically lower than the resin system High dielectric and insulating properties – “it’s quartz” Chemically inert Anti-corrosive qualities Close to pure quartz (99.49) Zero moisture Mohs hardness 7

Thermal Properties (additional notes)

• Low or “alpha” quartz.
• It is stable in its phase from absolute 0° to 573°C.
• Inversion and reconstructive inversion occur just past 573°C.
• Novacite filled thermosets maintain dielectrics under prolonged saturation.
• Novacite has an absence of bound water.
• Novakup products will stress relax differences in coefficients of thermal expansion and contraction from 7.5% to 24.6%.
• Specific Heat:
  • Typical silica 0.320 cal/(g)/(C°).
  • Pure quartz 0.188 cal/(g)/(C°).
  • Novacite 0.192 cal/(g)/(C°).
• Finer grades possess lower SH than coarser grades.

This is paradoxical since finer subdivision should call for greater heat capacity and greater specific heat, but here again, you encounter a departure from what might be expected.

Crystallography

• Very uncommon “variety” of a very common mineral.
• Anhedral or Subhedral crystals
• “Parting” takes place along planes which are generally reasonably “perfect”
• Pseudo-cubic individual particles. Ideal particle is one micron in length.
• Novacite parts or cleaves along the principle axis of its molecular structure.

Note: The author has neither observed a type of quartz just like Novacite® nor encountered a recorded instance of a similar occurrence of the mineral.

Novakup® Surface Modified or Silane Treated Novacite®

• Novakup – Envision a three-micron particle of quartz with epoxy pendant groups protruding from all sides at a rate of 4 to 6 per 100Å2
• Novacite has surface area of 2M2/g
• Approximately 1.2 x 1019 OH groups per gram of Novacite based on 6 OH groups per 100Å2
  • This calculation assumes that each silane will react with only one of the surface OH’s, while theorectically, it may react with up to three.
• Surface Area:
  • 28 billion particles per gram with approximately
  • 1.2 x 1019 pendant groups per gram.
• Thus the 0.47% is a maximum required for monomolecular coverage, and we would guess that considerably less would be necessary for positive results.
• “The less the silane concentration, the better the result”

It is well known that naturally occurring particulate materials are many times deleterious to a polymer mixture (like adding “dirt” to the “batter”) regardless of how much care is taken in mining or processing. Surface modification of these particulates with organofunctional silanes eliminates the concern of impurities and unwanted reactions.

Benefits of Novakup®

1. ENABLES HIGHER FILLER LOADING
2. IMPROVES PROCESSABILITY
3. IMPROVES CHEMICAL RESISTANCE
4. IMPROVES FILLER DISPERSION
5. IMPROVES COMPOSITE STRENGTH
6. IMPROVES ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES
7. IMPROVES PROPERTY UNIFORMITY
8. IMPROVES WET-OUT OF THE MINERAL BY THE POLYMER
9. CLOSES THE VOID BETWEEN FILLER AND POLYMER
10. IMPROVES MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
11. REDUCES THE VISCOSITY OF THE FILLER/POLYMER MIX
12. ELIMINATES A STEP IN THE PRODUCTION PROCESS (NO NEED FOR IN-SITU)

The lower the permeability of a barrier coating, the more protective the coating is. Basically, the higher the degree of the coating resin's cross-linkage, the lower the permeability, the better the adhesive bond of the coating to the surface, and the better the overall protective barrier.

Potential Coupler Selection Guide

Elastomers

• Neoprene – Mercapto and amino silanes
• Nitrile (NR) – Mercapto and amino silanes
• Polyisoprene - Mercapto silanes
• SBR - Mercapto silane
• Silicone – Vinyl and methyl silane
• Urethane – Mercapto silane